PHYSICO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF WATER SOURCES IN THE GAROUA MUNICIPALITY IN THE FACE OF URBANISATION
Abstract
The harsh climatic conditions experienced in the North Region of Cameroon has given rise to lack of permanent surface water bodies. This has caused the ever increasing population to tend to groundwater for subsistence. This study is aimed at investigating the physico-chemical characteristics of water sources in the face of urbanisation within the Garoua municipality.
To achieve this, purposive random technique was used to collect 86 water samples from 34 boreholes, 37 wells, 14 rivers and 1spring during the month of January. Insitu measurements were carried out for physical parameters such as water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, water level and alkalinity. Distilled water was used to thoroughly rinse instruments and sampling bottles before recording the readings and collecting water samples.
Samples were stored at 40C in the refrigerator before transportation to the laboratory for analyses of major ions using an Ion Chromatography. Physical parameters were interpreted using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS version 21 while Rockwork 15 and sulfa 13 softwares were used to produce pipers, Stiff plots, Gibbs and Wilcox diagrams to infer the water chemistry.
Results showed that water types varied from Ca-Cl in wells to CaMg-HCO3 in boreholes and rivers, to Na-HCO3 in spring samples. Water sources did not meet the quality standards (WHO, 2006) with respect to pH (60.5%<7 & >8.5), EC (58.1%>250µS/cm) and NO3-(60.5%>10mg/l). Quality assessment with respect to agricultural uses showed that river samples were of low to moderate salinity and low alkalinity hazard, thus can be used safely for irrigation purposes.
There has been a significant increase in NO3- and Cl- concentrations in water sources over the past 20 years as a result of increase agricultural expansion to meet the increasing population. It was recommended that further research be extended on investigating trace elements and isotopes as well as microbiological species on a seasonal basis.
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| Project Details | |
| Department | Environmental Sciences |
| Project ID | ENV0020 |
| Price | Cameroonian: 5000 Frs |
| International: $15 | |
| No of pages | 85 |
| Methodology | Experimental |
| Reference | Yes |
| Format | MS word & PDF |
| Chapters | 1-5 |
| Extra Content | table of content, |
This is a premium project material, to get the complete research project make payment of 5,000FRS (for Cameroonian base clients) and $15 for international base clients. See details on payment page
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PHYSICO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF WATER SOURCES IN THE GAROUA MUNICIPALITY IN THE FACE OF URBANISATION
| Project Details | |
| Department | Environmental Sciences |
| Project ID | ENV0020 |
| Price | Cameroonian: 5000 Frs |
| International: $15 | |
| No of pages | 85 |
| Methodology | Experimental |
| Reference | Yes |
| Format | MS word & PDF |
| Chapters | 1-5 |
| Extra Content | table of content, |
Abstract
The harsh climatic conditions experienced in the North Region of Cameroon has given rise to lack of permanent surface water bodies. This has caused the ever increasing population to tend to groundwater for subsistence. This study is aimed at investigating the physico-chemical characteristics of water sources in the face of urbanisation within the Garoua municipality.
To achieve this, purposive random technique was used to collect 86 water samples from 34 boreholes, 37 wells, 14 rivers and 1spring during the month of January. Insitu measurements were carried out for physical parameters such as water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, water level and alkalinity. Distilled water was used to thoroughly rinse instruments and sampling bottles before recording the readings and collecting water samples.
Samples were stored at 40C in the refrigerator before transportation to the laboratory for analyses of major ions using an Ion Chromatography. Physical parameters were interpreted using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS version 21 while Rockwork 15 and sulfa 13 softwares were used to produce pipers, Stiff plots, Gibbs and Wilcox diagrams to infer the water chemistry.
Results showed that water types varied from Ca-Cl in wells to CaMg-HCO3 in boreholes and rivers, to Na-HCO3 in spring samples. Water sources did not meet the quality standards (WHO, 2006) with respect to pH (60.5%<7 & >8.5), EC (58.1%>250µS/cm) and NO3-(60.5%>10mg/l). Quality assessment with respect to agricultural uses showed that river samples were of low to moderate salinity and low alkalinity hazard, thus can be used safely for irrigation purposes.
There has been a significant increase in NO3- and Cl- concentrations in water sources over the past 20 years as a result of increase agricultural expansion to meet the increasing population. It was recommended that further research be extended on investigating trace elements and isotopes as well as microbiological species on a seasonal basis.
Check Out: Environmental Science Project Topics with Materials
This is a premium project material, to get the complete research project make payment of 5,000FRS (for Cameroonian base clients) and $15 for international base clients. See details on payment page
NB: It’s advisable to contact us before making any form of payment
Our Fair use policy
Using our service is LEGAL and IS NOT prohibited by any university/college policies. For more details click here
We’ve been providing support to students, helping them make the most out of their academics, since 2014. The custom academic work that we provide is a powerful tool that will facilitate and boost your coursework, grades and examination results. Professionalism is at the core of our dealings with clients
For more project materials and info!
Contact us here
OR
Click on the WhatsApp Button at the bottom left
Email: info@project-house.net
