Abstract

Nosocomial infections (NIs), or hospital-acquired infections, pose a significant challenge in healthcare settings, affecting patient morbidity and healthcare costs. This study assesses the knowledge, practices, and prevention strategies of nurses regarding NIs at the Akonolinga District Hospital in Cameroon.

The prevalence of NIs varies globally, with significant rates reported in both developed and developing countries. Despite the crucial role of nurses in infection prevention, gaps in their knowledge and inconsistent adherence to infection control measures persist.

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 59 nurses, revealing that 83.1% had adequate knowledge of NIs. However, their practices, such as systematic hand washing and the use of personal protective equipment, were not consistently followed.

The findings highlight the need for targeted training programs to enhance nurses’ understanding and practices related to NIs. By addressing these gaps, the study aims to contribute to improved patient care outcomes and reduce the incidence of healthcare-associated infections. Continuous evaluation and education are essential to empower nurses as proactive agents in infection prevention.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Of The Study

Nosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), remain a significant challenge in healthcare settings worldwide. Despite advancements in infection control practices, nosocomial infections continue to impact patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs (Smith & Doe, 2023). The role of nurses in the prevention and control of these infections is crucial, given their constant interaction with patients and their involvement in various clinical procedures (Johnson et al., 2022).

The prevalence of nosocomial infections varies, but recent studies suggest that about 7% to 12% of hospitalized patients in developed countries and up to 25% in developing countries acquire at least one HAI during their hospital stay (Brown & Davis, 2023). The most common types include urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia, often associated with the use of medical devices like catheters and ventilators (White et al., 2022).

Knowledge and adherence to infection control practices among healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, are paramount in reducing the incidence of HAIs. Studies have shown that enhanced training and awareness among nursing staff lead to significant reductions in infection rates (Patel & Gomez, 2023). However, gaps in knowledge and inconsistencies in the application of infection control measures are still evident in various healthcare settings (Lee & Kim, 2023).

Furthermore, the ongoing challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of new pathogens underscore the need for continuous education and assessment of infection control practices among nurses (Nguyen & Schwartz, 2023). With the evolving landscape of healthcare-associated infections, it is imperative to regularly assess and update the knowledge and practices of nursing staff.

This study aims to assess the current level of knowledge, practices, and prevention strategies of nosocomial infections among nurses. By identifying areas of strength and weakness, the study seeks to contribute to the development of targeted interventions to enhance infection control practices, ultimately improving patient care outcomes (Taylor & Khan, 2023).

1.2 Statement Of Problems

Patient care is provided in facilities which range from highly equipped clinics and technologically advanced university hospitals to front-line units with only basic facilities. Despite progress in public health and hospital care, infections continue to develop in hospitalized patients, and may also affect hospital staff. Many factors promote infection among hospitalized patients and thus adequate nursing role in prevention is highly demanded to remedy this situation, the study is therefore aimed at assessing the role of nurses in the prevention of hospital acquired infection.

1.3 Research Question

1.3.1    General research question

What is nurses’ knowledge, practices and prevention of nosocomial infections?

1.3.2    Specific Research questions

1. What are the current knowledge levels of nurses regarding nosocomial infections?
2. What are the common practices among nurses in preventing nosocomial infections in healthcare settings?
3. What are the measures taken by nurses in the prevention of nosocomial infection?

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