Abstract

This study assesses the environmental risks, impacts and risk management measures associated with the conventional exploration and production of hydrocarbons within the some countries in the gulf of guinea. It also covers processes and technologies associated with offshore unconventional activities.

The study used a lifecycle approach to break down exploration and production of hydrocarbons into five stages following a similar approach used for previous studies. Sub-stages and processes were then identified for each life-cycle stage for both offshore and onshore.

For each process and sub-stage the environmental risks were assessed based on 8 environmental aspects (e.g. noise) for offshore and 10 for onshore. To conduct this assessment the risks and impacts of each aspect were reviewed against a risk rating system, based on consequence and likelihood.

The assessment was conducted using a combination of data gathered from the oil and gas industry, including environmental impact assessments/statements, and expert judgment.

The impacts of management measures on risks were also assessed. Finally, the risks and impacts identified for onshore unconventional exploration and production from a preceding study were compared to the risks and impacts of offshore conventional exploration and production in this study to determine the environmental risks of offshore unconventional at sea.

Oil and gas from deuterons pollutants due to its hydrocarbon materials and toxic substances such as hydrogen sulfide and consist of organic compounds containing hydrogen and carbon and some parts non-carbon such as nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen and some small quantities of metals such as vanadium with organic compounds containing hydrogen and carbon where emit these gases threaten the ecosystem.

The problem of pollution in oil industries includes pollution by air by escaping gasses such as hydrogen sulfide which is toxic as well as the oil spill on soil which contributes to wind and flood, spilled oil changes the quality of the environmental components distorting equilibrium in the system environment. There are different water production processes associated.

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