Abstract

An automatic irrigation system has been designed to facilitate the automatic supply of adequate water from a reservoir to field or domestic crops in all agricultural seasons. One of the objectives of this work is to see how human control could be removed from irrigation and also to optimize the use of water in the process.

The method employed is to continuously monitor the soil moisture level to decide whether irrigation is needed, and how much water is needed in the soil while a pumping mechanism is used to deliver the needed amount of water to the soil. More so, at every point in time the water level in the reservoir tank is being monitored to determine if refilling is needed or if the water tank is full enough.

This work can be grouped into three subsystems namely, the sensing unit, control unit and pumping subsystems which make up the irrigation system. A moisture sensor was used to measure the electrical resistance of the soil while the control circuit was implemented using an nodemcu board.

Moreover, the pumping subsystems consist of two water pumps   constructed using a 5v dc-operated motor. In addition, a DHT11 sensor was incorporated in the system to determine the temperature and humidity of the cultivation field there by switch ON or OFF an air circulation fans in other to maintain a certain percentage of humidity.

All these functions are display on an LCD display board and to make the system reliable, it was powered with solar source energy. The system was design for outdoors and greenhouse proposes.

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