CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

Urethritis according to Marcinon October 2016, is a condition in which the urethra, or the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body, becomes inflamed and irritated (Bradshaw at – al 201 4).

1.1 Background of the study

Urethritis affects more than 4 million people every year in the United States. The incidence of gonococcal Urethritis is estimated at over 70,000 new cases annually, and the incidence of NGU is approximately 3 million cases annually, both infection are significantly under-reported. The incidence or gonococcal Urethritis decline steadily from 2000 to 1009, but then began and intermitted rise, and incidence of NUG is increasing. NGU incidence is higher in the summer Urethritis is commonly due to infection by bacteria. It can typically be cured by Anti-biotic (Bradshaw at – al 2014).

Urethritis is commonly due to infection by bacteria. It can typically be cured by Anti-biotic (Bradshaw at – al 2014).

In Africa, approximately 62 million new cases of gonococcal Urethritis and 51 million new cases of NGU are reported each year. Approximately 10% to 40% of women with Urethritis eventually developed pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) which may subsequently cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy 2o to post inflammation scar formation in the fallopian tube. PID can occur even in women with a symptomatic infection. Children born to mother with chlamydia infection may develop conjunctivitis, arthritis, otitis media (OM), iritis, or pneumonia if exposed to the organism while due to Urethritis in male is less common (1%-2%) typically taken the form of urethral stricture due to past inflammatory scar formation.

Other potential complication of Urethritis includes proctitis, acute epidemies, abscess formation, proctitis, infertility, abnormal semen and reactive arthritis.

In Cameroon 16 percent of men in the general population and 20 percent of factory employees reported a history of urethritis in the twelve month preceding the interview CDC et al 2014.

Of the in the general population 53 percent had sought care in the formal sector, among the factory employees this proportion was 56 percent (CDC et al 2014.

Urethritis affect 17 percent of men and 21 percent of female in Cameroon, the prognosis for both the two genders is 80 to 90 percent Et al CDC 2014

Urethritis has no racial predilection however person of low socio-economic class are affected more often than person of higher socio economic class.

Sexual Urethritis has no predilection. However, data may be skewed because Urethritis is under recognized in women up to 75% of female can be a symptomatic or may incited present with cystitis and vaginitis or cervicitis.

Urethritis may occur in any sexual active person but incidence is higher among peoples age 20 to 24 years

All patient with uncomplicated Urethritis spontaneously recover with or without treatment caterine et ql 2016.

1.2. Objectives of the Study

1.2.1. General Objective

To carry out a complete management of patient with urethritis using the complete nursing care plan

1.2.2. Specific Objectives.

1. to identify causes and signs and symptoms of urethritis.
2. to provide adequate holistic care to the patient using the complete nursing care plan.
3. to explore the main risk factors of urethritis in the MOLYKO community.

1.3. Rationale and Significance

1.3.1 Rationale

To acquire intellectual fulfillment of urethritis

To add more information to the data base for research study

1.3.2 Significance of the Study

The significance of this case study is that the prevalence of urethritis will significantly drop through the sensitization of people on hygiene and proper patient education as well as encouraging protective sex and proper patient care.

1.4 Definition of Key Terms

Urethritis: Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra. That is the tube carried urine from the bladder to outside to the body.

Antibiotics: Classes of drugs that act against bacterial infections

Bacteria: Micro-organisms that causes bacterial infection

Analgesics: These are classes of drugs that relieve pain

NGU: Non gonococal urethritis

P.I.D: Pelvic inflammatory disease

U.T.I: Urinary tract infection

STDs: Sexual transmitted diseases