Abstract

Background: Type two diabetes mellitus (usually referred to simply as diabetes) is a disease in which the body is unable to control the blood sugar, resulting to high sugar levels in blood (hyperglycemia) for a long time. Diabetes is one of the leading diseases in the world and has affected millions of people in the world, Africa and Cameroon to be precise especially in the less developed countries. This study is aimed at managing 55years old woman suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methodology: a case study design was used in order to explore the response to nursing management of a patient suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. The case was selected through simple random sample. Data was collected through an interview with the patient and physical assessment was carried out on the patient. The nursing care plan was the tool used for management.

Results: patient came in with symptoms of joint pains, fatigue and polyuria (frequent urination). patient was managed for the above clinical manifestations and she responded positively to management and was discharged on the 30th Of march 2019 after being managed for 3 days.

Conclusion: conclusively, a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus can respond positively to nursing management when medical attention is sort on time. Nursing management will often last for 3-4 days depending on the patient’s clinical manifestation but since it has no cure complete management is and control is required for as the patient lives. Patient was managed throughout hospitalization thereby implying that nursing care management was positive.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

This case study presentation is about the nursing management of the client with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient age 50years was admitted at the hospital on the 28 of March 2019. The patient came with complains of joints pain, increase thirst and urination, headache and blurred vision.

Amongst the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus nursing management is very vital. This is because the nurse stays with the patient 24/7, assessing, planning, implementing care and evaluating the effectiveness of this care rendered. Therefore, here role is very important.

This case study is divided into five chapter with each chapter having its own content

1.1 Background to the Study

According to CDC (2012), diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disorder characterized by elevated glucose level in the blood, disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolome resulting from absolute relative insulin deficiency that is insulin secretion and/or insulin action. WHO (2013) also define type 2 diabetes as a long term metabolic disorder that characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relatively lack of insulin. according to the national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney control (2016) common symptoms may include increased thirst, frequent urination and an unexplained weight loss. symptoms may also include increased hunger, feeling tired, and wound that do not heal. often symptoms come up slowly. long term complications from high blood sugar include heart disease, stroke, diabetic retinopathy, kidney failure, and poor blood flow to the limbs. The sudden onset of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state may occur; however, ketoacidosis is uncommon. Type 2 diabetes primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise. some people are more genetically at risk than others. type 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes with other 10% due to primarily to type 1 and gestational diabetes. Diagnosis of diabetes is by blood test such as fasting blood sugar, oral glucose tolerance test, or glycated hemoglobin(AIC). prevention of type 2 diabetes is by staying a normal weight, exercising, regularly, and eating properly. Treatment involves exercise and dietary changes but if blood sugar levels are not adequately lowered, the medication metformin is typically recommended many people may also require insulin injections.

WHO (2016) in a study also revealed that globally an estimated 422 million adults were living with diabetes in 2014 compared to 108 million in 1990? The global prevalence (age – standard of diabetes has rarely doubled since 1980 rising from 4.7% to 8.5% in the adult population. This reflects an increase in associated risk factors such as being overweight or obese. Over the past decade, diabetes prevalence has risen faster in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.

1.2 Objectives

The objectives of this study will be in two phases. That is general and specific objective.

1.2.1 General objective

To provide nursing management for a patient suffering from Diabetes mellitus type 2

1.2.2 Specific objectives

2. To asses a patient suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus
3. To provide holistic care for a patient suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus
4. To educate the patient on how to live with the condition